Muslim’s Conquest of Spain

The Western and Christian societies have always viewed the conquest of Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula as the Dark Age in the history of Europe. This is not the case however. The Muslim empire made many significant contributions that can by no means be ignored. Most of the Christian communities have always emphasized that there is only one way to heaven, and that the only way this can be achieved is by believing in Jesus, prophesying him as the son of God and joining the Christian faith. They therefore view any other faith as a threat to this view of truth. That is why they emphasize that the conquest of Spain by the Muslims led to the introduction of a ‘Dark religion,’ a religion that did not embrace Jesus as the son of God. They also view the introduction of the Islamic laws during the period in Spain as the embracing of ungodly laws. The western world on the other hand has always perceived the Islamic faith as being totalitarian. The fact that the faith embraces some laws tat are controversial like capital punishment is seen as a form human rights abuse. The fact that most of the Muslim women have no say in important matters is seen as a form of slavery. No wonder they perceive the Muslim conquest of Spain as a park period. The Western world has never been to terms with laws that seem to be oppressive,(whatever their definition of oppressive is.  

 The Iberian Peninsula was mostly controlled by Muslims in 719. The Muslim conquerors went further northwards into France though their advance meat resistance from Charles Martel, a Frankish leader in 732. They south and dominated Spain in several centuries. At the time of the conquest Muslim conquerors battled westerners at different points. The Spanish society became very complex under the rule of Muslims (Cell 455). The reason for this being that there was no systematic conversion of those that were conquered. During this period, Muslim rulers were restricted from taxing other Muslims. This made it easier for a ruler to have non-Muslim subjects. Conversion to Islam occurred but at a low rate. It became easier for Muslim rulers to rely on existing Christian Networks of local authority. Muslim Spain included a good number of the Mozarabic Christians, the people that adopted Arabic culture and language and those that were followers of religious services that were different from those of Rome. Even the Jews were holding prominent positions in commerce, in government and under professions under their rule (Ringrose 89).

This period witnessed a tremendous increase in the Christian-Muslim conversions. The conversion became common among the large land-owners, merchants as well as the local elites. Under the political atmosphere of Islamic power, many Christians realized that the best way to maintain their influence was through conversion. Spain became sophisticated and wealthy under the Islamic rule. The Mediterranean culture and trade flourished during this period. Muslims brought the rich intellectual tradition particularly from North Africa and the Middle East. This included knowledge about, philosophy, science, mathematics and they build upon it in Spain. Agriculture expanded remarkably as farming techniques, crops and irrigation practices were introduced by Arabs.

In cities and towns they constructed magnificent palaces, mosques among other architectural monuments several of which still stand today. Small farms and large estates that existed during the time of the Romans remained intact outside the cities. This was largely contributed by the fact that land owners were rarely dispossessed by Muslim leaders. Muslim conquerors were fewer and they were characterized by the habit of maintaining good relationships between their subjects and themselves. Different cultures; Muslim, Roman and Jewish cultures had a complex interaction. Arabic was adapted by a large number of the population. Even Christians and Jews often spoke Arabic language, while Latin and Hebrew were often written in the Arabic script. These traditions interchanged to give the Spain a rich culture in terms of art, music, literature, writing systems, religion and architecture hence a distinctive heritage (Weller 99).

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